Observational Studies: reviewed like a reviewer would
Observational manuscripts are rejected for the same reasons in every study of rejection: statistics, overinterpretation, and methods that cannot be reproduced. STROBE exists because those gaps are predictable.
Built around STROBE.
- STROBE audit by design variant: setting, eligibility, exposure and outcome definitions, confounders, bias, sample size, statistical methods, missing data, and how participants were followed.
- Causal-language check: conclusions are compared with the design, and associational findings phrased as effects are flagged.
- Confounding and bias review: adjustment sets, selection and information bias, and whether sensitivity analyses back the main result.
- Reference verification against PubMed and Crossref with retraction screening, plus the target-journal compliance audit.
- Journal formatting applied to the .docx as tracked changes, included.
Why this matters, in numbers.
In a content analysis of 151 medical-education manuscripts, the top reasons for rejection were inappropriate or incomplete statistics, overinterpretation of results, and inappropriate or suboptimal instrumentation. [12][14]
Reviewers found flaws in the methods of 85.7% of 42 manuscripts submitted to medical journals in Africa and Asia, and in the references of 69.0%. [13]
Across 48 studies and 19,443 manuscripts, agreement between reviewers is low: mean intraclass correlation 0.34 and mean Cohen's kappa 0.17. [15]
Under open review, 40.8% of US abstracts and 22.6% of non-US abstracts were accepted at the American Heart Association meeting; blinding narrowed the gap to 33.4% versus 23.7%. [29]
Across nine JAMA Network journals, 2025 research acceptance rates ranged from 3.9% (JAMA) to 10% (JAMA Otolaryngology). [53][54][55][56][58][59][60][57][61]
"Standards in the use of statistics in medical research are generally low," with persistent errors reported across most medical journals. [44]
One pass, $49.
It cannot detect fabricated or falsified data, manipulated images, or anything that is not visible in the manuscript text and references. It finds the manuscript-visible problems that reviewers and editors find, before they do.
Questions, answered.
Don't see yours? Email us — we read every one.
Sources cited on this page
- [1]Bordage G. Reasons reviewers reject and accept manuscripts: the strengths and weaknesses in medical education reports. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2001. doi:10.1097/00001888-200109000-00010 PMID 11553504.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [2]Ezeala C, Nweke I, Ezeala M. Common errors in manuscripts submitted to medical science journals. Annals of medical and health sciences research 2013. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.117957 PMID 24116317.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [3]Pierson DJ. The top 10 reasons why manuscripts are not accepted for publication. Respiratory care 2004. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15447812/ PMID 15447812.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [4]Bornmann L, Mutz R, Daniel HD. A reliability-generalization study of journal peer reviews: a multilevel meta-analysis of inter-rater reliability and its determinants. PloS one 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014331 PMID 21179459.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [5]Ross JS et al. Effect of blinded peer review on abstract acceptance. JAMA 2006. doi:10.1001/jama.295.14.1675 PMID 16609089.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [6]Strasak AM et al. Statistical errors in medical research - a review of common pitfalls. Swiss medical weekly 2007. doi:10.4414/smw.2007.11587 PMID 17299669.peer-reviewed article (Europe PMC / Crossref record) · verified 2026-09-12
- [7]Bibbins-Domingo K, Christiansen SL, Curfman G, et al. 2025 Year in Review and Vision for the Path Ahead. JAMA. Published online 13 April 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2847844journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [8]Inouye SK. JAMA Internal Medicine—The Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Intern Med. Published online 16 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2846285journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [9]Christakis DA. JAMA Pediatrics—The Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Pediatr. Published online 16 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2845861journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [10]Kibbe MR. JAMA Surgery—The Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Surg. Published online 18 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2846802journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [11]Shinkai K. JAMA Dermatology—The Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Dermatol. Published online 18 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2845993journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [12]Bonow RO, Casadei B. JAMA Cardiology Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Cardiol. Published online 18 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2846694journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [13]Josephson SA. JAMA Neurology Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Neurol. Published online 16 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2846475journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [14]Öngür D. The Year in Review, 2025. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online 18 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2846481journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12
- [15]Piccirillo JF. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery—The Year in Review, 2025. Published online 19 March 2026. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2846035journal editorial · verified 2026-09-12